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state official tests

  • 1 государственные испытания

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > государственные испытания

  • 2 государственное испытание

    Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > государственное испытание

  • 3 испытание

    ср.
    1) test, trial;
    перен. тж. ordeal период испытания (машины и т.п.) ≈ testing time испытание ядерного оружия ≈ nuclear weapon test пройти тяжкие испытания ≈ to undergo many severe trials, to undergo a terrible ordeal тяжелые испытания военных лет ≈ the ordeals of the war years
    2) (экзамен) examination вступительные испытанияentrance examinations
    3) (страдания) мн. cross пройти испытание ≈ to pass the tests быть на испытании ≈ to be on trial;
    to be on probation( о человеке) испытания на усталостьfatigue tests подвергнуть испытанию ≈ to put on trial, to put to the test выдержать испытание ≈ to stand the test, to pass muster аварийное испытаниеcrash-test эксплуатационное испытаниеservice test производить испытание ≈ to conduct a trial/test (of), to try, to test
    испытани|е - с.
    1. test, trial;
    гарантийные ~я guarantee tests;
    государственные ~я state testing, official tests;
    заводские ~я factory tests;
    контрольные ~я check tests, penalty tests;
    лабораторные ~я laboratory tests;
    приёмочные ~я acceptance tests;
    пробные ~я proof tests;
    пусковые ~я commissioning tests;
    эксплуатационные ~я performance/maintenance tests, in-service testing;
    ~я в условиях рынка market tests;
    производить ~ чего-л. test smth. ;
    ~ ядерного оружия nuclear weapon test;
    проводить ~я conduct tests;
    выдержать ~ временем stand* the test of time;

    2. (экзамен) examination;

    3. (тягостное переживание) ordeal, trial.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > испытание

  • 4 государственные испытания

    1) Engineering: official test, state testing
    2) Agriculture: official trial
    3) Information technology: office test
    4) Metrology: state testings
    5) Automation: state tests
    6) Makarov: governmental tests

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > государственные испытания

  • 5 испытание

    assay, examination, test, testing, trial
    * * *
    испыта́ние с.
    1. ( единичный акт) test; особ. мор. trial; ( совокупность действий) testing
    в слу́чае успе́шного результа́та испыта́ний … — if the test is satisfactory …
    выде́рживать испыта́ние — pass [stand] a test
    доводи́ть испыта́ние до разруше́ния (образца́) — carry a test to failure [destruction] (of a specimen)
    доводи́ть испыта́ние до разры́ва образца́ — carry a test to rupture of a specimen
    не пройти́ испыта́ния — fail the test
    объяви́ть (результа́ты) испыта́ния недействи́тельными — invalidate a test
    подверга́ть испыта́нию — test, put to test, try out, subject to [apply] a test
    представля́ть на испыта́ния — present for tests
    проводи́ть испыта́ние — carry out [run] a test
    успе́шно проходи́ть испыта́ние — pass the test to satisfaction
    2. ( в теории вероятностей) trial, run, experiment
    в k-м испыта́нии — in the kth trial
    испыта́ние заверша́ется неуда́чей — a trial fails
    испыта́ние заверша́ется успе́хом — a trial succeeds
    испыта́ние мо́жет име́ть оди́н (и то́лько оди́н) исхо́д — a trial may have one (and only one) outcome
    арбитра́жное испыта́ние — arbitration test
    аттестацио́нные испыта́ния — certification test
    бала́нсовое испыта́ние тепл. — heat losses test; boiler efficiency test
    испыта́ние без нагру́зки — no-load test
    испыта́ние без разруше́ния ( образца) — non-destructive test
    биологи́ческое испыта́ние — biological test
    буксиро́вочное испыта́ние ( в опытовом бассейне) мор.towing test
    испыта́ние в аэродинами́ческой трубе́ — (wind-)tunnel test
    испыта́ние в аэродинами́ческой трубе́ крупномасшта́бной моде́ли — large-scale wind-tunnel test(ing)
    испыта́ние в ва́кууме — vacuum test(ing)
    испыта́ние в непреры́вном режи́ме — continuous test
    испыта́ние в полевы́х усло́виях — field test
    испыта́ние в пото́ке — flow test
    испыта́ние в преры́вистом режи́ме — intermittent test
    испыта́ние в свобо́дном паде́нии — free-fall test(ing)
    испыта́ние в свобо́дном полё́те — free-flight test(ing)
    испыта́ние в солево́м тума́не — salt-mist test
    выборо́чное испыта́ние — random [percent] test
    испыта́ние в эксплуатацио́нных усло́виях — field (service) test
    гаранти́йное испыта́ние — warranty test
    гидравли́ческое испыта́ние (ёмкостей, труб и т. п.) — hydrostatic test
    госуда́рственные испыта́ния — state testing, governmental tests
    испыта́ние грохоче́нием — screen test
    испыта́ние дви́гателя на эффекти́вную тормозну́ю мо́щность — brake horse-power test
    диагности́ческое испыта́ние вчт., элк. — marginal check, marginal test
    диагности́ческое испыта́ние выявля́ет возмо́жные неиспра́вности до их наступле́ния — marginal testing locates defects before they become serious
    диагности́ческое испыта́ние прово́дится в ра́мках регла́ментных рабо́т — marginal testing is a form of preventive maintenance
    динами́ческое испыта́ние
    2. ( в условиях меняющихся параметров) радио, элк. dynamic test, dynamic run
    динамометри́ческое испыта́ние
    1. текст. tensile test
    2. маш. dynamometer test
    дли́тельное испыта́ние — long-run [long-duration, long-time, long-term] test
    дово́дочное испыта́ние — development(al) test
    испыта́ние дождева́нием текст.spray test
    доро́жное испыта́ние — (on-the-)road test
    заводски́е испыта́ния — factory [shop] tests, tests at the manufacturer's works
    испыта́ние запи́ленного образца́ — notch-bar test
    и́мпульсное испыта́ние — impulse test
    и́мпульсное испыта́ние без пробо́я — impulse-withstand [withstand-impulse] test
    инерцио́нное испыта́ние мор. — stopping [stopway] test
    иссле́довательские испыта́ния — investigation tests
    калориметри́ческое испыта́ние — calorimeter test
    климати́ческие испыта́ния — environmental tests
    испыта́ние ко́жи — leather control, leather examination
    колориметри́ческое испыта́ние — colorimetric test
    ко́мплексное испыта́ние — comprehensive test
    контро́льное испыта́ние — (производится на каждом изделии для контроля качества в отличие от типового испытания) routine test; ( поверочное) check test
    испыта́ние краси́теля на вса́сывание волокно́м — dye suction test
    испыта́ние краси́теля на раствори́мость — dye solubility test
    испыта́ние кра́ски на высыха́ние — paint drying test
    испыта́ние кра́ски на истира́ние — paint rub test
    испыта́ние кра́ски на сма́зывание — paint smear test
    кратковре́менное испыта́ние — short-term [short-time] test
    испыта́ние купели́рованием метал.cupel(ling) test
    лаборато́рное испыта́ние — laboratory test
    лё́тное испыта́ние — flight test(ing)
    манё́вренное испыта́ние мор. — manoeuvrability [manoeuvring] trial
    испыта́ние ма́сел на коксу́емость — oil carbonization test
    испыта́ние ма́сел на разжиже́ние — oil dilution test
    испыта́ние материа́лов — material(s) test(ing)
    испыта́ние материа́лов, неразруша́ющее — non-destructive material(s) testing
    испыта́ние материа́лов, огнево́е — test of materials for fire-proofness or for fire-resistance
    испыта́ние материа́лов, разруша́ющее — destructive material(s) testing
    испыта́ние ме́тодом интерференцио́нных поло́с — schlieren test
    испыта́ние ме́тодом модели́рования (на ЭВМ) — simulation test
    испыта́ние ме́тодом торцо́вой зака́лки — end quench test
    испыта́ние ме́тодом (физи́ческого) модели́рования — (physical) model test(ing)
    испыта́ние ме́тодом экстра́кции (портландцеме́нта) — extraction test (on portland cement)
    механи́ческие испыта́ния — mechanical testing
    морехо́дное испыта́ние — seakeeping [seaworthiness] trial
    испыта́ние на адеква́тность (напр. уравнения регрессии) стат. — test for goodness of fit (e. g., of a regression equation)
    испыта́ние на артикуля́цию свз.articulation test
    испыта́ние на баллисти́ческом динамо́метре текст.ballistic test
    испыта́ние на вибропро́чность — vibration-survival test
    испыта́ние на виброусто́йчивость — vibration-resistance test
    испыта́ние на водоотта́лкиваемость текст.water repulsion test
    испыта́ние на возду́шную зака́ливаемость — air-hardenability test
    испыта́ние на воспламеня́емость — flammability test
    испыта́ние на выжива́ние — survival test
    испыта́ние на выно́сливость — endurance test
    испыта́ние на вы́тяжку — cupping test
    испыта́ние на вы́тяжку по Ольсе́ну — Olsen cupping test
    испыта́ние на вы́тяжку по Эриксе́ну — Erichsen cupping test
    испыта́ние на вя́зкость — ( твёрдых материалов) toughness test; ( жидкостей) viscosity test
    испыта́ние на гермети́чность — leakage [tightness] test
    испыта́ние на гидрата́цию — slaking test
    испыта́ние на глубо́кую вы́тяжку — deep-drawing test
    испыта́ние на гнилосто́йкость текст.soil burial test
    испыта́ние на горя́чее круче́ние — hot twist test
    испыта́ние на горя́чий изги́б — hot bend(ing) test
    испыта́ние на горя́чую оса́дку — hot upset test
    испыта́ние на долгове́чность — durability [service-life] test
    испыта́ние надре́занного образца́ — notched-bar [notched-specimen] test
    испыта́ние на жидкотеку́честь — fluidity test
    испыта́ние на заги́б — bend-over test
    испыта́ние на зади́р — galling test
    испыта́ние на замора́живание — freezing test
    испыта́ние на замора́живание и отта́ивание — freeze-thaw test
    испыта́ние на за́пуск холо́дного дви́гателя — cold start test
    назе́мное испыта́ние ав., косм.ground test(ing)
    испыта́ние на изги́б — bend(ing) test
    испыта́ние на изги́б с переги́бом — bending-and-unbending [alternating bending] test
    испыта́ние на изло́м
    1. fracture test
    2. текст. folding test
    испыта́ние на изно́с — wear(ing) test
    испыта́ние на интенси́вность отка́зов — failure-rate test
    испыта́ние на испаря́емость — evaporation test
    испыта́ние на истира́ние — abrasion test
    испыта́ние на истира́ние при смя́тии текст.crease-abrasion test
    испыта́ние на кип кож.boiling (water) test
    испыта́ние на коро́ткое замыка́ние — short-circuit test
    испыта́ние на корро́зию — corrosion test
    испыта́ние на кпд — efficiency test
    испыта́ние на круче́ние — torsion test; twist(ing) test
    испыта́ние на лаборато́рном маке́те элк.breadboard test(ing)
    испыта́ние на лакообразова́ние — lacquer test
    испыта́ние нали́вом мор.floading test
    испыта́ние на ли́пкость кож.tackiness test
    испыта́ние на ло́мкость — friability test
    испыта́ние на ме́сте устано́вки — site test(ing)
    испыта́ние на ме́сте эксплуата́ции — site test(ing)
    испыта́ние на микротвё́рдость — microhardness test
    испыта́ние на многокра́тное растяже́ние текст.repeated stress test
    испыта́ние на моде́ли — model [mock-up, dummy] test
    испыта́ние на морозосто́йкость — freezing [subzero] test
    испыта́ние на нагре́в
    2. ( материалов) heat(ing) test
    испыта́ние на надё́жность — reliability test
    испыта́ние на надры́в — tear test
    испыта́ние на обледене́ние — icing [ice-formation] test
    испыта́ние на обраба́тываемость ре́занием — machinability [machining] test
    испыта́ние на обслу́живание ( жил кабелей) — tinning test
    испыта́ние на огнесто́йкость — ( материалов) fire resistance test; ( тканей) burning test
    испыта́ние на окисля́емость — oxidation test
    испыта́ние на оса́дку — jumping-up [upsetting] test
    испыта́ние на отборто́вку — flanging test
    испыта́ние на отка́з — fault testing
    испыта́ние на перегру́зку — overload test
    испыта́ние на пла́вкость — melting [fusion] test
    испыта́ние на пло́тность (соединений, швов и т. п.) — leak testing
    испыта́ние на повто́рное растяже́ние — repeated tension test
    испыта́ние на поглоще́ние — absorption test
    испыта́ние на ползу́честь — creep test
    испыта́ние на ползу́честь до разры́ва — rupture [stress-rupture, creep-rupture] test
    испыта́ние на по́лный расхо́д то́плива ав.fuel run-out test
    испыта́ние на принуди́тельный отка́з — forced-failure test
    испыта́ние на проги́б — flexure test
    испыта́ние на продо́льный изги́б — buckling test
    испыта́ние на прока́ливаемость — hardenability test
    испыта́ние на прохожде́ние вы́зова тлф. — signalling [ringing] test
    испыта́ние на про́чность — strength test
    испыта́ние на про́чность к декатиро́вке текст.ironing test
    испыта́ние на про́чность к изги́бу текст.deflection test
    испыта́ние на про́чность кипяче́нием текст. — boiling [boil-off] test
    испыта́ние на про́чность окра́ски текст.fastness test
    испыта́ние на про́чность прода́вливанием текст.bursting(-strength) test
    испыта́ние на про́чность шва текст.seam-slippage test
    испыта́ние на разбо́рчивость ре́чи тлв. — ( без учёта смысла) articulation test; ( с учётом смысла) intelligibility test
    испыта́ние на разда́вливание — crushing test
    испыта́ние на разда́чу ( труб) — flare test
    испыта́ние на разма́лываемость — grindability test
    испыта́ние на разры́в
    1. мех. break(ing) test
    2. текст. breaking [strength] test
    испыта́ние на разры́в поло́ски тка́ни — grab [strip] test
    испыта́ние на раска́лывание — splitting test
    испыта́ние на расплю́щивание — flattening test
    испыта́ние на рассла́ивание кож. — peel [separation] test
    испыта́ние на рассыпа́ние литейн.collapsibility test
    испыта́ние на раствори́мость — solubility test
    испыта́ние на растре́скивание — cracking test
    испыта́ние на растяже́ние — tensile [tension] test(ing)
    испыта́ние на растяже́ние при переме́нной нагру́зке — varying-rate tensile [tension] test
    испыта́ние на расхо́д то́плива ав.consumption test
    испыта́ние на релакса́цию (напряже́ний) — (stress-)relaxation test
    испыта́ние на сва́риваемость
    1. метал. weldability test
    2. кож. boiling (water) test
    испыта́ние на свойла́чиваемость текст.milling test
    испыта́ние на сгора́емость — combustibility test
    испыта́ние на сжа́тие — compression test
    испыта́ние на скоростны́е показа́тели авто — performance [speed] test
    испыта́ние на ско́рость старе́ния элк.degradation rate test
    испыта́ние на сохраня́емость — storage test
    испыта́ние на спека́емость — sintering test
    испыта́ние на срез — shearing test
    испыта́ние на срок слу́жбы — life test(ing)
    испыта́ние на срок хране́ния — shelf-life test
    испыта́ние на старе́ние — ageing test
    испыта́ние на сто́йкость к микрооргани́змам текст.pure-culture test
    испыта́ние на сто́йкость к пле́сени и грибка́м ( электрического и электронного оборудования) — mould-growth test
    испыта́ние на сто́йкость к пятнообра́зованию текст.spotting test
    испыта́ние на сцепле́ние — bond [adhesion] test
    испыта́ние на сцепле́ние отры́вом стр.strip-off adhesion test
    испыта́ние на твё́рдость — hardness test(ing) (Примечание. Отдельные виды испыта́ний на твё́рдость см. в статье определе́ние твё́рдости.)
    испыта́ние на твё́рдость опило́вкой — file test
    испыта́ние на твё́рдость, стати́ческое — static hardness test
    испыта́ние на техни́ческий преде́л (напр. прочности) — proof test
    испыта́ние на то́пливную экономи́чность — fuel-consumption test
    испыта́ние на транспорта́бельность — transportability test
    испыта́ние на трещинообразова́ние — cracking test
    испыта́ние на тропи́ческие усло́вия — tropical-exposure test
    нату́рное испыта́ние — full-scale test
    нату́рное, фрагмента́рное испыта́ние — partial system test, physical [test] simulation
    испыта́ние на уда́рную вя́зкость — impact test
    испыта́ние на уда́рную вя́зкость по Изо́ду — Izod [cantilever-beam] impact test
    испыта́ние на уда́рную вя́зкость по Шарпи́ — Sharpy [simple-beam] impact test
    испыта́ние на уплотне́ние гру́нта — compaction [consolidation] test
    испыта́ние на упру́гость
    1. elasticity test
    2. текст. extension [recovery, restorability] test
    испыта́ние на уста́лость — fatigue test
    испыта́ние на уста́лость при изги́бе — fatigue bending [endurance bending, repeated bending-stress] test
    испыта́ние на уста́лость при растяже́нии — fatigue tension test
    испыта́ние на фла́ттер — flutter test(ing)
    испыта́ние на холо́дную уса́дку ( шерсти) — cold test
    испыта́ние на холосто́м ходу́ — no-load test
    испыта́ние на центрифу́ге — centrifuge test(ing)
    испыта́ние на эксплуатацио́нные показа́тели — performance testing
    испыта́ние на эласти́чность текст.elasticity test
    испыта́ние на электри́ческую про́чность под напряже́нием, вызыва́ющим пробо́й — disruptive-discharge test, break-down test, puncture test
    испыта́ние на электри́ческую про́чность под напряже́нием ни́же пробивно́го — withstand-voltage test
    неразруша́ющее испыта́ние — non-destructive test(ing)
    испыта́ние одино́чной ни́ти текст. — single-end [single-strand] test
    испыта́ние отму́чиванием — decantation test
    испыта́ние па́смой текст.skein test
    испыта́ние пая́льной ла́мпой — blow-pipe test
    перви́чное испыта́ние — primary test
    испыта́ние перего́нкой — distillation test
    повто́рное испыта́ние — duplicate test
    испыта́ние погруже́нием — immersion test
    испыта́ние под давле́нием — pressure test
    испыта́ние под нагру́зкой — load(ing) test
    испыта́ние под напряже́нием эл.voltage test (on a cable)
    полево́е испыта́ние — field test
    испыта́ние по сокращё́нной програ́мме — abbreviated testing, abbreviated tests
    предвари́тельное испыта́ние — preliminary test
    предмонта́жное испыта́ние — pre-installation test
    предпусково́е испыта́ние — pre-operational test
    испыта́ние при высо́кой температу́ре — high-temperature test
    приё́мо-сда́точные испыта́ния — approval tests
    приё́мочные испыта́ния — (official) acceptance tests
    испыта́ние при заме́дленном хо́де проце́сса — slow test
    испыта́ние при ко́мнатной температу́ре — room-temperature test
    испыта́ние при ни́зкой температу́ре — subzero [low-temperature, cold] test
    испыта́ние при постоя́нной нагру́зке — steady [constant] load test
    испыта́ние при стати́ческой нагру́зке — static test
    испыта́ние при цикли́ческих нагру́зках — cyclic load test
    испыта́ние прозво́нкой [прозва́ниванием] жарг., эл.continuity test(ing)
    испыта́ние прока́ткой на клин — taper rolling test
    промы́шленные испыта́ния — commercial [production] tests
    пропульси́вное испыта́ние мор.propulsion trial
    испыта́ние прямы́м окисле́нием — direct oxidation test
    разго́нное испыта́ние — overspeed test
    испыта́ние раке́тного дви́гателя, огнево́е — test (bed) firing
    рекурси́вное испыта́ние — life (service) test
    испыта́ние сбра́сыванием (напр. кокса, огнеупора) — shatter test
    испыта́ние сварно́го соедине́ния — weld test
    испыта́ние сварно́го шва — weld test
    сда́точное испыта́ние мор.delivery trial
    сенситометри́ческое испыта́ние кфт.sensitometric test
    склерометри́ческое испыта́ние — scratch(-hardness) test
    скоростно́е испыта́ние мор.speed trial
    сокращё́нное испыта́ние — abbreviated test
    испыта́ние с разруше́нием ( образца) — destruction test
    испыта́ние сро́стков ( жил кабеля) — joint [splice] test
    стати́ческое испыта́ние — static test
    сте́ндовое испыта́ние — bench test; ракет. captive test; мор. testbed trial
    стопроце́нтное испыта́ние — total-lot [100%] test
    испыта́ние с части́чным разруше́нием ( образца) — semi-destructive test
    теплово́е испыта́ние — thermal test
    техни́ческие испыта́ния — engineering tests
    испыта́ние ти́па (проводится в соответствии с требованиями ИКАО при определении полётопригодности данного типа самолёта и выдачи сертификации) ав.type test
    типово́е испыта́ние (испытывается как правило, первый экземпляр данного типа конструкции; проводится по полной и/или расширенной программе, в отличие от контро́льного испыта́ния) — type test
    испыта́ние травле́нием — pickle test
    испыта́ние тре́нием — friction test
    тя́говое испыта́ние — pull test
    уско́ренное испыта́ние — accelerated test
    фациа́льные испыта́ния горн.environmental testing
    физи́ческие испыта́ния — physical testing
    испыта́ние форму́емости — remoulding test
    хими́ческие испыта́ния — chemical testing
    ходово́е испыта́ние
    1. авто (on-the-)road test
    2. мор. performance [sea] trial
    ходово́е, прогресси́вное испыта́ние мор.standardization trial
    испыта́ние холо́дной штампо́вкой — cold-pressing test
    цикли́ческое испыта́ние — cyclic test
    испыта́ние чугуна́ на толщину́ отбелё́нного сло́я — chill test
    шварто́вное испыта́ние мор.dock(side) trial
    эксплуатацио́нные испыта́ния — service tests

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > испытание

  • 6 test

    1) испытание; испытания || испытывать
    2) проверка; контроль || проверять; контролировать
    3) тест; тестирование || тестировать
    5) стат. критерий

    to dry test — испытывать без резания, испытывать станок без резания, испытывать на холостом ходу

    - accelerated test
    - acceptance test
    - alignment test
    - alternative test
    - angular test
    - approval test
    - axial load test
    - axial test
    - back-to-back test
    - balance test
    - bar-to-bar test
    - benchmark test
    - bend test
    - bending fatigue test
    - bending test
    - bend-over test
    - black-band test
    - blow-bending test
    - blueing test
    - bond test
    - brake test
    - braking test
    - breaking test
    - Brinell hardness test
    - Brinell test
    - buckling test
    - calibrated driving machine test
    - calibration test
    - calorimetric test
    - camera-aided test
    - carbon test
    - certification test
    - Charpy impact test
    - Charpy test
    - check test
    - check-out test
    - closure test
    - cold bend test
    - cold pressing test
    - collision test
    - commissioning test
    - commutation test
    - comparative test
    - compression test
    - computer-aided design and test
    - computer-assisted fault isolation test
    - cone-indentation test
    - cone-thrust test
    - conformance test
    - controlled test
    - core test
    - corrosion fatigue test
    - corrosion test
    - creep test
    - cutting test
    - deflection tests
    - destruction test
    - destructive test
    - determinative test
    - development test
    - developmental test
    - diagnostic test
    - diamond-pyramid hardness test
    - discrimination test
    - disk test
    - drawing test
    - driving test
    - driving-profile test
    - drop test
    - durability test
    - dynamic test
    - dynamometer test
    - eddy current test
    - efficiency test
    - electrical back-to-back test
    - end-to-end test
    - endurance test
    - environmental test
    - etching test
    - evaluation test
    - extraction test
    - facing test
    - factory test
    - fatigue test
    - fault detection test
    - fault location test
    - field test
    - final test
    - flattening test
    - flex life test
    - flexural test
    - flexure test
    - forging test
    - friction test
    - frictional test
    - full-scale test
    - functional test
    - gear life test
    - geometric test
    - geometrical test
    - grab test
    - ground test
    - hardness test
    - harmonic test
    - high-voltage test
    - hydraulic pressure test
    - hydraulic test
    - identification tests
    - impact test
    - impulse test
    - in-process test
    - inspection test
    - investigation test
    - Jominy test
    - L-2 test
    - lab test
    - laboratory test
    - leak test
    - life test
    - light load test
    - load test
    - machinability test
    - machine tool alignment test
    - machine tool test
    - machining performance test
    - magnetic test
    - maintenance test
    - mechanical test
    - micrographic test
    - monitoring test
    - noise-level test
    - no-load test
    - nondestructive test
    - official test
    - open-circuit test
    - operating test
    - optimality test
    - out-of-control tests
    - overhead load test
    - overload test
    - overspeed test
    - peel test
    - performance test
    - periodic test
    - periodical test
    - practical test
    - precision test
    - predelivery test
    - preinstallation test
    - preliminary test
    - preproduction test
    - preventive test
    - production test
    - production-type test
    - profile tests
    - proof test
    - qualification test
    - quality assurance test
    - quality conformance test
    - quality performance test
    - random test
    - ravel test
    - reduced test
    - reliability compliance test
    - reliability determination test
    - reliability test
    - response test
    - retardation test
    - rig test
    - roller fatigue test
    - roller life test
    - routine check tests
    - routine test
    - running test
    - rupture test
    - safety test
    - saline droplet corrosion test
    - sampling test
    - scoring test
    - sequential test
    - service test
    - shear test
    - shearing test
    - shock test
    - short test
    - simulated service test
    - single test
    - soft test
    - sound test
    - special test
    - stability test
    - standard test
    - starting test
    - state tests
    - static bending test
    - static test
    - step stress test
    - storage test
    - straightening test
    - strength test
    - strip test
    - sudden short-circuit test
    - sustained power test
    - sustained short-circuit test
    - tear test
    - tear-apart test
    - temperature-rise test
    - tensile test
    - tension test
    - test of the accuracy
    - thermal test
    - time-restricted test
    - tool wear test
    - torsional test
    - transportability test
    - trouble-free assurance test
    - trouble-free quality assurance test
    - Turing test
    - twist test
    - twisting test
    - type approval test
    - type test
    - upsetting test
    - use test
    - validation test
    - vibration test
    - waveform test
    - wear test
    - working test

    English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > test

  • 7 evidence

    1) средство или средства доказывания; доказательство, доказательства; подтверждение; улика | служить доказательством, подтверждать, доказывать
    2) свидетельское показание, свидетельские показания | свидетельствовать, давать показания
    3) дача показаний, представление или исследование доказательств ( как стадия судебного процесса); доказывание

    admissible in evidence — допустимый в качестве доказательства;

    evidence admissible in chiefдоказательства или показания, допустимые при главном допросе;

    evidence aliunde — внешнее доказательство, лежащее вне документа доказательство;

    evidence at law — судебные доказательства;

    evidence before trial — показания, данные или доказательства, представленные до начала судебного процесса;

    evidence by affidavit — показания в форме аффидевита;

    failure to give evidence — непредставление доказательств; невозможность дать показания; отказ от дачи показаний;

    evidence for the defence — 1. доказательства защиты 2. показания свидетелей защиты;

    evidence for the defendant — доказательства в пользу ответчика, подсудимого;

    evidence for the plaintiff — доказательства в пользу истца;

    evidence for the prosecution — 1. доказательства обвинения, улики 2. показания свидетелей обвинения;

    evidence implicating the accused — доказательства, дающие основание полагать, что преступление совершено обвиняемым;

    in evidence — в доказательство, в качестве доказательства;

    evidence in corroboration — доказательство в подтверждение других доказательств;

    evidence in cross-examinationсвидетельские показания или доказательства, полученные при перекрёстном допросе ( стороной свидетеля противной стороны);

    evidence in disproofпоказания или доказательства в опровержение;

    evidence in question — 1. оспариваемое доказательство 2. исследуемое и оцениваемое доказательство;

    evidence in rebuttalдоказательство или показание в опровержение;

    evidence in support of the oppositionпат. обоснование протеста, мотивированный протест;

    evidence in the caseдоказательства или показания по делу;

    evidence is out — доказательства исчерпаны;

    item in evidence — предмет, представленный в качестве доказательства;

    evidence material to the case — доказательство, имеющее существенное значение для дела;

    evidence on appeal — показания, доказательства по апелляции;

    evidence on commission — показания по поручению;

    evidence on hearing — доказательство на рассмотрении суда;

    evidence on oath — показания под присягой;

    on the evidenceна основании данных показаний или представленных доказательств;

    evidence par excellence — лучшее доказательство;

    piece of evidence — часть доказательственного материала; отдельное доказательство;

    evidence relevant to credibility — доказательство, относящиеся к надёжности свидетеля, достоверности его показаний;

    evidence relevant to weight — доказательства, относящиеся к убедительности других доказательств;

    evidence sufficient to sustain the case — доказательства, достаточные для поддержания ( данной) версии;

    to adduce evidence — представить доказательство;

    to admit evidence — допустить доказательство;

    to admit in evidence — допустить в качестве доказательства;

    to appear in evidence — вытекать из представленных доказательств;

    to become Commonwealth's [Crown's, government's, King's, People's, Queen's, State's] evidence — стать свидетелем обвинения, перейти на сторону обвинения, дав показания против сообвиняемого;

    to call (for) evidence — истребовать доказательства;

    to compare evidence — 1. сопоставить доказательства, показания 2. произвести очную ставку;

    evidence to contradict — контрдоказательство; контрпоказание;

    to develop evidence — представить доказательства;

    to exaggerate evidence — преувеличить силу доказательства;

    to fabricate evidence — сфабриковать доказательства;

    to give evidence — 1. давать показания 2. представить доказательства;

    to give in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;

    to give evidence under compulsion — давать показания по принуждению;

    to introduce evidence — представить доказательства;

    to introduce in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;

    to lead evidence — 1. заслушивать, отбирать показания 2. принимать доказательства;

    evidence to meet — доказательство в поддержку, поддерживающее доказательство;

    to offer evidence — представить доказательства;

    to offer in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;

    to prepare evidence — 1. сфабриковать доказательства 2. подготовиться к даче показаний;

    to prepare false evidence — сфабриковать ложные доказательства;

    to produce evidence — представить доказательства;

    to put in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;

    evidence to rebut — доказательство в опровержение, опровергающее доказательство;

    to receive evidence — 1. получить, отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;

    to receive in evidence — принять в качестве доказательства;

    to review evidenceрассмотреть или пересмотреть доказательства;

    to search for evidence — искать доказательства;

    to sift evidence — тщательно исследовать, анализировать доказательства или показания;

    to suppress evidence — скрыть доказательства;

    to take evidence — 1. отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;

    to tender evidence — представить доказательства;

    to tender in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;

    evidence to the contrary — доказательство противного;

    to weigh evidence — оценить доказательства;

    to withhold evidence — воздержаться, отказаться от дачи показаний или от представления доказательств;

    evidence wrongfully obtained — доказательства, показания, полученные с нарушением закона

    - evidence of arrest
    - evidence of blood grouping tests
    - evidence of character
    - evidence of confession
    - evidence of credibility
    - evidence of crime
    - evidence of debt
    - evidence of disposition
    - evidence of fact
    - evidence of guilt
    - evidence of identification
    - evidence of identity
    - evidence of indebtedness
    - evidence of opportunity
    - evidence of practice
    - evidence of reputation
    - evidence of title
    - acceptable evidence
    - actual evidence
    - additional evidence
    - adduced evidence
    - adequate evidence
    - adminicular evidence
    - admissible evidence
    - admitted evidence
    - adversary evidence
    - affirmative evidence
    - affirmative rebuttal evidence
    - after-discovered evidence
    - ample evidence
    - ascertaining evidence
    - autoptical evidence
    - auxiliary evidence
    - available evidence
    - ballistics evidence
    - ballistic evidence
    - best evidence
    - better evidence
    - biological evidence
    - casual evidence
    - character evidence
    - character-witness evidence
    - circumstantial evidence
    - civil evidence
    - clear evidence
    - closed evidence
    - cogent evidence
    - collateral evidence
    - Commonwealth's evidence
    - competent evidence
    - completing evidence
    - conclusive evidence
    - concocted evidence
    - concomittant evidence
    - confirmatory evidence
    - conflicting evidence
    - consistent evidence
    - contradicting evidence
    - contrary evidence
    - contributing evidence
    - controverted evidence
    - controvertible evidence
    - convincing evidence
    - copy evidence
    - corroborated evidence
    - corroborating evidence
    - counteracting evidence
    - counter evidence
    - credible evidence
    - criminal evidence
    - criminating evidence
    - Crown's evidence
    - culpatory evidence
    - cumulative evidence
    - damaging evidence
    - damning evidence
    - decisive evidence
    - demeanor evidence
    - demonstrative evidence
    - derivative evidence
    - direct evidence
    - disproving evidence
    - doctored evidence
    - documentary evidence
    - empirical evidence
    - entered evidence
    - exact evidence
    - excluded evidence
    - exculpatory evidence
    - expert evidence
    - expert opinion evidence
    - explaining evidence
    - external evidence
    - extrajudicial evidence
    - extraneous evidence
    - extrinsic evidence
    - fabricated evidence
    - false evidence
    - final evidence
    - fingerprint evidence
    - firm evidence
    - first hand evidence
    - footprint evidence
    - foundation evidence
    - fragmentary evidence
    - fresh evidence
    - further evidence
    - government's evidence
    - habit evidence
    - hard evidence
    - hearsay evidence
    - higher evidence
    - identification evidence
    - identifying evidence
    - illegally obtained evidence
    - illustrative evidence
    - immaterial evidence
    - immunized evidence
    - impeaching evidence
    - implicating evidence
    - impugned evidence
    - inadequate evidence
    - inadmissible evidence
    - incompetent evidence
    - inconclusive evidence
    - inconsistent evidence
    - incontroverted evidence
    - incontrovertible evidence
    - incriminating evidence
    - inculpatory evidence
    - independent evidence
    - indicative evidence
    - indirect evidence
    - indispensable evidence
    - indubitable evidence
    - inferential evidence
    - inferior evidence
    - insufficient evidence
    - insufficient evidence for the defence
    - internal evidence
    - introduced evidence
    - irrefutable evidence
    - irrelevant evidence
    - judicial evidence
    - King's evidence
    - legal evidence
    - legally obtained evidence
    - legitimate evidence
    - manufactured evidence
    - material evidence
    - mathematical evidence
    - moral evidence
    - negative evidence
    - negative rebuttal evidence
    - newly-discovered evidence
    - nonexculpatory evidence
    - notarial evidence
    - obtainable evidence
    - obtained evidence
    - offered evidence
    - official evidence
    - opinion evidence
    - opinion evidence of character
    - opposing evidence
    - oral evidence
    - original evidence
    - out-of-court evidence
    - overwhelming evidence
    - parol evidence
    - partial evidence
    - pedigree evidence
    - People's evidence
    - perjured evidence
    - persuasive evidence
    - physical evidence
    - police evidence
    - positive evidence
    - possible evidence
    - preappointed evidence
    - predominant evidence
    - preferable evidence
    - prejudicial evidence
    - presuming evidence
    - presumptive evidence
    - prevailing evidence
    - prima facie evidence
    - primary evidence
    - probable evidence
    - proffered evidence
    - proper evidence
    - prosecution evidence
    - prospectant evidence
    - proving evidence
    - pure expert opinion evidence
    - Queen's evidence
    - radar evidence of speed
    - radar evidence
    - real evidence
    - reasonable evidence
    - rebuttal evidence
    - rebutted evidence
    - rebutting evidence
    - receivable evidence
    - received evidence
    - recognized evidence
    - recollection evidence
    - record evidence
    - recorded evidence
    - record evidence of title
    - related evidence
    - relevant evidence
    - repelling evidence
    - reputation evidence of character
    - requisite evidence
    - retrospectant evidence
    - routine practice evidence
    - satisfactory evidence
    - scientific evidence
    - secondary evidence
    - second hand evidence
    - shaken evidence
    - significant evidence
    - similar evidence
    - slimmer evidence
    - slim evidence
    - solid evidence
    - spoken evidence
    - state's evidence
    - strengthening evidence
    - strong evidence
    - stronger evidence
    - strongest available evidence
    - substantial evidence
    - substantive evidence
    - substitutionary evidence
    - sufficient evidence
    - supplementary evidence
    - supporting evidence
    - suspect evidence
    - sworn evidence
    - tainted evidence
    - tendered evidence
    - testimonial evidence
    - trace evidence
    - traditionary evidence
    - uncontradicted evidence
    - uncorroborated evidence
    - unfavourable evidence
    - unshaken evidence
    - unsworn evidence
    - untainted evidence
    - verbal evidence
    - visible evidence
    - visual evidence
    - vital evidence
    - volunteer evidence
    - weak evidence
    - weaker evidence
    - wiretap information evidence
    - wiretap evidence
    - written evidence
    - evidence of criminality
    - confirming evidence
    - corroborative evidence
    - explanatory evidence
    - intrinsic evidence
    - prime evidence

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > evidence

  • 8 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
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    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
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    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
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    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
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    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
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    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
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    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
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    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

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